Understanding Foot and Ankle Arthritis: Types and Treatments | SBJI

Arthritis is a condition that causes inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. When it affects the foot and ankle, it can significantly impact daily life, as these joints bear the body’s weight and are essential for movement. Foot and ankle arthritis come in various forms, each with unique causes and characteristics. 

At Sunshine Bone and Joint Institute (SBJI), we specialize in diagnosing and treating foot and ankle arthritis, offering personalized care to help patients regain mobility and comfort. Explore the types of foot and ankle arthritis, their symptoms, causes, and treatment options. Learn how SBJI offers expert care to improve mobility and quality of life.

Types of Foot and Ankle Arthritis

1. Osteoarthritis (OA)
   Osteoarthritis, often called “wear-and-tear” arthritis, is the most common type. It occurs when the cartilage that cushions the joints breaks down over time. In the foot and ankle, OA commonly affects the big toe joint, midfoot, and ankle.
   • Symptoms: Pain, stiffness, and swelling that worsens with activity.
   • Causes: Aging, repetitive stress, previous injuries, or obesity.
2. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
   RA is an autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system attacks healthy joint tissue, leading to inflammation. It often affects multiple joints in the foot and ankle symmetrically.
   • Symptoms: Persistent pain, swelling, warmth, and deformity.
   • Causes: An overactive immune system; the exact trigger is unknown but may involve genetic and environmental factors.
3. Post-Traumatic Arthritis (PTA)
   Post-traumatic arthritis develops after an injury to the foot or ankle, such as fractures, sprains, or dislocations. Even with proper treatment, the joint may experience wear and tear over time, leading to arthritis.
   • Symptoms: Pain, swelling, and stiffness, often years after the injury.
   • Causes: Damage to the cartilage or changes in joint mechanics due to the injury.
4. Gout
   Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, particularly the big toe. It is often episodic, with sudden and severe flare-ups.
   • Symptoms: Intense pain, redness, warmth, and swelling.
   • Causes: High uric acid levels due to diet, genetics, or other health conditions.
5. Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)
   Psoriatic arthritis is associated with psoriasis, a chronic skin condition. It can affect the foot and ankle joints and may also cause inflammation in tendons and ligaments.
   • Symptoms: Pain, stiffness, swelling, and skin lesions.
   • Causes: Autoimmune responses; genetics and environmental factors play a role.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Proper diagnosis is the first step in managing foot and ankle arthritis. At SBJI, our specialists perform a thorough evaluation, which may include physical exams, imaging tests (X-rays, MRI), and lab tests (for RA or gout).

Treatment Options

1. Non-Surgical Treatments:
   • Medications such as NSAIDs, corticosteroids, or disease-modifying drugs for RA and PsA.
   • Physical therapy to improve strength and flexibility.
   • Orthotic devices like shoe inserts, braces, or custom footwear to reduce stress on the joints.
2. Lifestyle Changes:
   • Weight management to reduce joint pressure.
   • Avoiding high-impact activities and opting for low-impact exercises like swimming or cycling.
3. Surgical Treatments:
   • If conservative methods fail, surgical options like joint fusion, joint replacement, or debridement may be recommended to alleviate pain and restore function.

Living with Foot and Ankle Arthritis

Arthritis is a lifelong condition, but with the right strategies, its impact can be minimized. Early intervention, proper footwear, and adherence to treatment plans can make a significant difference.

At SBJI, we empower patients to take control of their health through personalized care and advanced treatments. With our multidisciplinary approach, we aim to help you maintain mobility and live life to the fullest.